Statistics Have Shown That Three Out Of Every Four Black

Statistics have shown that three out of every four black men are expected to be imprisoned at least once in their lifetime, normally associated with the usage, selling, and or handling of drugs (Kerby, 2012). Regardless of the evidence that shows that all races are equally susceptible and apart from the drug epidemic, African Americans have been number one in charts. In the article â€Å"The New Jim Crow: How the War on Drugs Gave Birth to a Permanent American Undercaste†, Michelle Alexander discusses how to this day African-Americans remain as the most prominent target of America. Alexander acknowledges how the rising drug war has labeled African Americans as â€Å"Bad Guys†. Alexander’s mission is to expose the racism in America and its influence†¦show more content†¦(Pg. 117). Alexander mentions towards the end of the article that, â€Å"Millions of people of color are now saddled with criminal records and legally denied the very rights that their parents and grandparents fought for and, in some cases, died for.† (Pg. 118). Convicted felons lose many of their natural rights that their ancestors have fought so diligently to achieve. According to The Law Dictionary, some of the rights that convicted felons may lose their voting rights, employment rights, and public social benefit rights (Maver,2013). The Brennan Center for Justice at New York University School of Law said that over 6 million American citizens have been denied the right to vote because of their criminal records despite the fact that they work, live, and raise their families in their communities. According to Marc Maver in his article, â€Å"A Lifetime of Punishment: The Impact of the Felony Drug Ban on Welfare Benefits† When president Clinton took office he signed into place a l egislation that imposed a denial of federal benefits to those who have been convicted in court for any drug offenses. (add a sentence about why she disagrees). Alexander (2010) also claims in her argument that, â€Å"The drug war has been brutal-complete with SWAT teams, tanks, bazookas, grenade launchers, and sweeps of entire neighborhoods- but those who live in white communities have little clue to the devastation wrought† (Pg. 116). Even though the drug epidemic is anShow MoreRelatedRape: You Could Be the One in Six856 Words   |  4 Pages Every two minutes someone in the world is being sexually assaulted or raped. 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A Midsummer Night s Dream By Pyramus And Thisbe - 1325 Words

The inclusion of a play within a play often serves to highlight and reinforce the dramatic nature of the primary play. Pyramus and Thisbe do this exact practice in a midsummer night’s dream. Pyramus and Thisbe is the play which is performed by the mechanicals at the end of the play. Because the craftsmen are such bumbling actors, their performance satirizes the melodramatic Athenian lovers and gives the play a purely joyful, comedic ending. Pyramus and Thisbe face parental an social disapproval in the play-within-a-play, just as Hermia and Lysander do, in this sense the main storyline of both plays are fairly comparable, as both sets of lovers enter the sanctity of the woods to be together whilst evading the capture of an unjust ruler. This is a use of intertextuality which subtly drives the main story whilst playing on the minds of the audience. 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News Story Review for Unbiased Journalism-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNews Story Review for Unbiased Journalism. Answer: The news event being addressed for this study is the recent case of ball tampering conducted by three Australian players and the punishment dealt to them. Both the news stories revolve around the unethical practices by the Australian players. The themes and ideas that are relevant to the unit are the news value, unbiased journalism and credibility of the newspaper[1]. Two news stories from CNN and The Guardian have been referred to for this paper. However, both the reports addresses the same issue but from a different news angle. One addresses the unethical practices conducted by the Australian players and the other is much concerned about the future of the Australian cricket team. Both news stories address the public sentiment and are impartial in their addressing of the topic. The report from CNN addresses the issue that even though the Australian team is famous for its groundbreaking performance, yet the recent scandal has severely impacted the integrity of the Australian cricket team and asks whether it is the appropriate time to bring about more strict changes regarding the punishment for unfair and unethical practices in the sport[2]. The report from Guardian addresses the issue from the viewpoint of the Australian sentiment and states how the ban imposed on the three accused players should be reduced, according to the statement presented by the Australian Cricketers Association (ACA) to the Cricket Australia[3]. Both the news stories address the same topic, however they differ in the perspective through which it would be viewed. One news story is impartial and covers both public opinion and statements of the Australian cricket administration in its reporting while the other in its reporting, states the emotional and sentimental turmoil that the Austra lian cricket scenario is currently experiencing. Regardless, the CNN news story compiles public reaction and statements in its report relating to the topic, but The Guardians news report is only based on the ACAs statements to the CA and their feelings and remarks regarding the ban. Both the news stories are based on recent and relevant information, which is unusual in nature and are based on proven facts. The reporters too have been impartial and unbiased in their reporting of the event. Cricket is a global sport, which finds its appeal among individuals from all over the world. The Australian cricket team had always prided itself being a dominant force in the sport. However, the recent acts committed by 3 renowned players, involving the Captain and the Vice-Captain came as a shock and disgraceful act to many. Therefore, the most relevant news value that can be considered for both news stories is the value of impact[4]. The news stories are based on a event that had a great impact over the global base of cricket fans, is negative in nature, based on an unexpected act and is not a event which occurs frequently. Apart from this, the news story found a great appeal to the worldwide audience and is easy to grasp as well. Thus, the consideration of all of these char acteristics, imply the presence of the impact value of news story[5]. Both news stories somewhat present the same event and thus share the same news value but The Guardians news story has a presence of human interest value as well. The news article by the CNN compiles its report with the statements made by the Australian Captain (now former) Steve Smith in the press conference, along with statements from the former Australian Prime Minister and a Network Ten cricket commentator. It also reports the statements made by the former Australian cricket legends and cricket journalists as well. The report from The Guardian is compiled only on the basis of the statements issued by the ACA president, who spoke on behalf of the entire ACA. These resources play a significant role in the journalists construction of the story since their reports are inclusive of remarks from prominent sources of authority and relevance. A good news story is supposed to include the opinions of individuals who are known to the public and are also in a suitable position of power, making them more accurate, reliable and significant to the audience/readers, and both of the news stories follow this rule in their reporting style[6]. In recent times, the sources of news have grown in abundance. There is a rising trend of printing news regarding the information gained from confidential or anonymous sources and whistleblowers. The social media networks like Facebook and Twitter have become great sources of news as well. However, the most reliable sources of news are considered to be the following:- Press conferences Statements made by celebrities and politicians (or prominent and famous individuals) Press releases News published by the Associated Press Content posted on official and government websites Relevant files (can be later used as evidence) At present, Twitter too can be considered a reliable source since news stories arise from the tweets posted by the prominent people themselves, and can be checked later on[7]. All of these above stated sources are considered believable by the people due to their assurance of providing accurate information and facts. Public sphere is a concept that states that the exchange and discussion of opinions between two people may lead to the formation of a common judgment. A proper news story is supposed to report the news in a manner that it affects the thought process of the reader and generates an opinion in his head. The news story reported by CNN is related to public sphere since it addresses the news in a way that is less in facts but is more based on the opinions of people regarding the event that occurred. The news from The Guardian addresses the same issues and affects the psychology of the reader. The reader may either feel outraged and form an opinion that a more strict punishment should have been imparted, or he may form the opinion that even though the players were found guilty, they are remorseful for their actions and a long term ban would ruin their career as well as lives. However, after reading both the news stories, one forms the judgment that the players were wrong in their actions an d have accepted their mistakes openly, along with receiving their punishment[8]. Thus, due to these reasons, it can be said, that news media plays a public sphere role in the reporting of this issue. References Edition.cnn.com, CNN,After A Week Of Bad Headlines, Is It Time For A Reckoning Of Australian Cricket?(2018) CNN https://edition.cnn.com/2018/03/30/sport/australian-cricket-reckoning-intl/index.html Foreman, Gene.The Ethical Journalist: Making Responsible Decisions in the Digital Age. John Wiley Sons, (2015). Iggers, Jeremy.Good news, bad news: Journalism ethics and the public interest. Routledge, (2018). Kovach, Bill, and Tom Rosenstiel.The elements of journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect. Three Rivers Press (CA), (2014). Moore, Roy L., et al.Media Law and Ethics. Routledge, (2017). Peters, Chris, and Marcel Jeroen Broersma, eds.Rethinking journalism: Trust and participation in a transformed news landscape. Routledge, (2013). Theguardian.com,ACA Labels Ball Tampering Bans 'Disproportionate' And Calls For Reduction(2018) the Guardian https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2018/apr/03/aca-labels-ball-tampering-bans-disproportionate-and-calls-for-reduction Ward, Stephen JA.The invention of journalism ethics: The path to objectivity and beyond. Vol. 38. McGill-Queen's Press-MQUP, (2015).

Personal Growth from Teaching Practice free essay sample

Our university is one of the few educational foundations in Egypt which focuses mainly on improving the abilities and skills of students and preparing them properly for the real life. t was successful to achieve its aim through the liberal educational system which it offers to its students and the practicality in the courses which is taught in the university. The linguistics course as well as any other course in the university contains a practical part; however, the practical part is the main part of the course. Therefore, we were able to gain the real life experience by teaching the workers. This course has enhanced a lot my traits as it gave me more self confidence, better presentation skills and sense of responsibility. Therefore, this course benefited me with desirable traits for teaching the workers and altered my perception of myself and the society. Patientce and being able to communicate effectively with others are two essential personal strengths acquired through taking this course. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Growth from Teaching Practice or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These traits are important for teaching the workers and for the real life situations. Patience in teaching is believed to be accepting to repeat the explanation again and again without being bored and waiting for the answers from your students without saying the answers. I was taught to be more patient to be a good teacher. For instance, at the beginning of my teaching classes I was not used to wait for the answers from my students and I used to answer them; however, when the professor asked me to wait for thirty second, it worked and the student was able to answer. So by being more patient, the student has better opportunity to answer the questions and comprehend the information explained better by repeating. Consequently he gained more self confidence and was motivated to interact more in class. hen, being able to communicate effectively is another important personal strength which I recognized and improved it through this course. Through the course, I was taught that people have different styles of learning as there are the visual, the audio and the kenthastic learners. Therefore to communicate the information successfully I used to take in consideration the different types of learners. Also, the methods of communicating and correcting the error t o the students which I learnt in the course were effective and decrease the students repetition of errors. For instance, when my student makes an error and I know that he know the right thing I gave him the opportunity to correct himself. Therefore, he knew his error and seldom repeat it. I became more patient and better in communication skills through this course which affected my interaction with the workers. Then, taking this course has an effective role in altering my perception of myself and the society which I live in. through my experience in this course I recognized that I can be more self confident, make a change and be a good responsible person. First,I became more self confident of myself and what I can achieve. In other words, when I see the development of my students in learning English language and using it, I have become more confident of myself as a good teacher and a person with good communication skills. Second, I realized that I can make a change to my society by doing community work as that of teaching the workers. When I observe the progress of the workers in leaning and using English, I became more believed in my ability to make a change in the society. Finally, I realized that I can be a successful responsible person. I often come late to my classes and my appointments but, as I became responsible of the workers, I usually come to the teaching classes on time. Furthermore, I tried to do my best in teaching them as they are on my responsibility. For instance, I created extra exercises and I gave them extra classes so as I will be able to finish all of the material properly. Not only did the course made me discover new characteristics of me; however it changed to somehow my perception of the society. In other words, before dealing with the workers, I though that the people are the reason for what they achieve of social status or education according to the effort which they exert. However, after teaching the workers and realizing how much some of them are motivated to learn and know, I changed my opinion. I then now believe that sometimes the circumstances which the person lives in become the reason of what he or she achieves not only the effort exerted. Therefore, teaching the workers changed the view of my self and the society. To conclude, Teaching new skills and abilities essential for life challenges should be the ultimate goal of education. By taking this course, I was taught new skills and abilities. Also, I recognized personal strengths; such as patience and being able to communicate effectively with others which were beneficial in interacting with the workers. Moreover, some of the beliefs about myself and the society were changed from the experience of teaching the workers. I am looking forward to seeing the Egyptian governmental education providing the students not only with knowledge, but also with crucial characteristics required for life challenges.

The Cultural Revolution of the 1920s Essays

The Cultural Revolution of the 1920s Essays The Cultural Revolution of the 1920s Essay The Cultural Revolution of the 1920s Essay The 1920s were times of cultural revolution.The times were changing in many different ways.Whenever the times change, there is a clash between the old and the new generations.The 1920s were no exception. In Dayton, Tennessee, 1925, a high school biology teacher was arrested.He was arrested because he taught the theory of evolution. The teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of having violated the Butler Act.This was a Tennessee law that forbade the teaching of the theory of evolution in public schools.The Tennessee legislature felt that teaching evolution was wrong because it contradicted the creation theory of the Bible.The Scopes trial received worldwide publicity.The press nicknamed it the Monkey Trial because, people believed that the theory of evolution meant that humans were descended from monkeys. Clarence Darrow was the defense lawyer.Former U.S. secretary of state William Jennings Bryan was the prosecutor.The defense argued that the Butler Act was unconstitutional.They did n ot deny that Scopes had broken the law. He was convicted and fined $100. Darrow was quoted as saying, Scopes isnt on trial, civilization is on trial.The world was changing and scientific advances made it harder to fully accept the Bibles interpretation of creation.The older generation seemed set in their ways.It would seem that a science was on trial defending itself against traditional beliefs. The Red Scare was the result of wartime tensions.There was a growing fear of communism during the 1920s.The Red Scare became like a witch-hunt.Everyone was suspicious of each other.U. S. Attorney-General Palmer planned a round up of communists.January 2, 1920, he ordered department raids on meeting halls and homes in thirty cities nationwide to gather all suspected communists.Twenty seven hundred people were arrested without being charged with a specific crime.In all, more than 6,000 people were arres

Debunking Ring a Ring a Roses

Debunking Ring a Ring a Roses There is a myth that the British children’s rhyme Ring a Ring a Roses is all about the plague- either the Great Plague of 1665-6 or the Black Death centuries earlier- and dates from those eras. The words describe the contemporary practice in treating it, and refer to the fate so many befell. The Truth The earliest known use of the rhyme is the Victorian era, and it almost certainly doesn’t date back to the plague (any of them). While the lyrics can be interpreted as being loosely connected to death and disease prevention, this is believed to be just that, an interpretation given in the mid-twentieth century by overeager commentators, and are not a direct result of plague experience, or anything to do with it. A Children’s Rhyme There are many variations in the words of the rhyme, but a common variant is: Ring a ring a rosesA pocket full of posesAtishoo, AtishooWe all fall down The last line is often followed by the singers, usually children, all falling down to the ground. You can certainly see how that variant sounds like it might be something to do with the plague: the first two lines as references to the bundles of flowers and herbs which people wore to ward away the plague, and the latter two lines referring to illness (sneezing) and then death, leaving the singers dead on the ground. It’s easy to see why a rhyme could be connected to the plague. The most famous of these was the Black Death, when a disease swept across Europe in 1346–53, killing over a third of the population. Most people believe this was the bubonic plague, which causes black lumps over the victim, giving it the name, although there are people who reject this. The plague was spread by the bacteria on fleas on rats and devastated the British Isles as much as continental Europe. Society, economy, and even war was changed by the plague, so why wouldn’t such a massive and horrifying event have ingrained itself into the public consciousness in the form of a rhyme? Robin Hood’s legend is about as old. The rhyme is linked to another outbreak of plague too, the Great Plague of 1665-6, and this is the one which was seemingly stopped in London by the Great Fire burning a huge urban area. Again, there are surviving stories of the fire, so why not a rhyme about the plague? One common variant in the lyrics involves ashes instead of atishoo, and is interpreted as either cremation of corpses or skin blackening from the diseased lumps. However, folklorists and historians now believe that the plague claims date only from the mid-twentieth century, when it became popular to give existing rhymes and sayings older origins. The rhyme began in the Victorian era, the idea it was plague-related began only a few decades ago.  However, so widespread was the rhyme in England, and so deep in children’s consciousness did it lodge, that many adults now connect it to the plague.

Questions&Answers. Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Questions&Answers. Business ethics - Essay Example The author claims that a worker that constantly follows some strict working conditions without any opportunity to express one’s personality and bring it into the product feels like the life has no meaning (2008). The reason is that people need to bring some part of them into the product they make, so they want to use their potential as much as possible. Thus, modern companies often don’t need the workers that want to express themselves, that are active, enterprising, and initiative, because such people can bring problems into the process of production that requires precise instructions followed and maximum of obedience. Although, it is impossible to say that production doesn’t work for people because for many workers their jobs actually help them to express their personalities and apply their skills. 2. In order to justify the production that destroys both personality and human value enterprisers have to change their approach to both their workers and the people who are supposed to use their production. The fact that enterprisers treat their workers as tools of production is the typical tendency in modern capitalistic world. During the process of production, where a worker can’t express one’s personality and use one’s talents, the worker is being assaulted by the process of manufacturing itself and becomes alienated from both the work one does and his life itself where it is impossible for him to get self-assurance. Another aspect of production that destroys human value is actually the results of production and producers’ treatment of those who will buy the product. Buyers are considered to be the objects where enterprisers get their money from. Thus, the only thing enterprisers are concerned about is in what way they can lure their buyers but not how can they please their customers as personalities and equal human beings. In order to justify production and avoid such humiliating

The Federal Court House on Habeas Corpus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Federal Court House on Habeas Corpus - Essay Example The main conflict arises in the possibility that this design will be abused by others, thus also staining the justice system. The inability to execute judgment to someone who is guilty is also clearly seen by the law as one form of injustice. Habeas corpus petition are filed by convicted prisoners as a challenge to the validity of their conviction; citing particular reason that police, prosecutor, defense counsel or even the trial court have deprived the convicts of their Federal Constitutional Rights such as "the right to refuse to answer questions when placed in police custody, the right to a speedy and fair trial, and the right to effective assistance of counsel" (Roger A. Hanson,Henry W.K. Daley, September 1995). An article in the Duke Journal sees one unintended result happening with the presence of habeas corpus. "Modern habeas law is predicated on the assumption that a state prisoner seeking habeas relief is attacking the legality of his confinement by alleging a constitutional error in the decision that led to his incarceration. Federal habeas, in other words, provides collateral review of earlier rulings by state courts. But almost 20 percent of federal habeas petitions filed by state prisoners do not challenge state court judgments. They attack instead the constitutionality of administrative actions by state prison officials or parole boards, taken long after the petitioner's conviction and sentencing" (Nancy J. King, 2009).

Physiological adaptations to Exercise of an Aerobic Training Program Essay Example for Free

Physiological adaptations to Exercise of an Aerobic Training Program Essay Fitness is popular nowadays, as its profitability to health, beauty, physical and psychological state of a person has was proved by multiple research and practice long time ago. However, one should be really careful in choosing an aerobic training program. There are lots of factors to think about and keep in mind while selecting an appropriate aerobic training program. First of all, let us define what aerobic training is. They distinguish two types of exercise in physical exercise aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic literally means with oxygen and refers to the use of oxygen in muscles energy-generating process. Aerobic exercise includes any type of exercise, typically those performed at moderate levels of intensity for extended periods of time, that maintains an increased heart rate. The aerobic exercises are so popular nowaday due to the fact, that this is by far the most effective way of burning fat: in aerobic exercise oxygen is used to burn fats and glucose in order to produce adenosine triphosphate, the basic energy carrier for all cells. There are various types of aerobic exercise. The key point in aerobic exercise that it is performed over a long period of time. Thus, running a long distance at a moderate pacem for example, is an aerobic exercise, while sprinting is not (Donatelle). The objective of this paper is to examine one of the many aerobic training programs and the psysiological adaptations of the various systems of the body, occuring over a lengthy course (6 months), and also acute responses to exercise. The period of 6 months was chosen, because this period is usually enough for initial permanent adaptation of the body to exercise and displaying first major physiological changes. Let us choose group aerobic training program as an example. The program consists in learning the combinations of various degree of complexity (basic movements of classical aerobics). The course is designed for regular training, 55 minutes, 3 times a week. Among the recognized benefits of this training course are the following: †¢ Strengthening the muscles involved in respiration, to facilitate the flow of air in and out of the lungs, Strengthening and enlarging the heart muscle, to improve its pumping efficiency and reduce the resting heart rate, †¢ Toning muscles throughout the body, which can improve overall circulation and reduce blood pressure, †¢ Increasing the total number of red blood cells in the body, to facilitate transport of oxygen throughout the body, †¢ Increased storage of energy molecules such as fats and carbohydrates within the muscles, allowing for increased endurance, †¢ Neovascularization of the muscle sarcomeres to increase blood flow through the muscles. As a result, these aerobic exercises, just like many other aerobic training courses, reduce the risk of death due to cardiovascular problems. Besides, they stimulate bone groth and reduce the risk of osteoporosis. Aerobic exercise is, however, an extremely valuable component of a balanced exercise programme and is good for cardiovascular health, despite the fact that it somewhat neglects muscular strength, especially upper-body muscular strength development. Over a course of any training, there are some processes, going on in an athlete’s body – the processes of adaptation. There are several key concepts of physiological adaptation, relevant to the aerobic training program examined: the quality of muscle tissue can change after only several workouts; the type of exercise stimulus causes specific adaptations; genetic potential dictates the absolute magnitude of training adaptation; smaller and smaller gains are observed as a person reaches their genetic potential; with training, performance gains cause changes in more than one physiological system; adaptational responses are dynamic and are related to an individuals age and stage of physical development. Magnitude of gain is related to the size of the athlete’s adaptational window; the amount of adaptation is related to the effectiveness of the exercise prescription. Variation is necessary to keep the exercise stimulus effective in eliciting positive changes. We can distinguish short-term adaptation and long-term adaptation. Short –term adaptation is a change of physical condition and physiological processes, going on in the body of an athlete immediately after a training. Metabolic activity and increased muscle soreness are some of them. As far as metabolism is concerned, aerobics does not notably increase the resting metabolic rate as much as some forms of weight-training, and may therefore be less effective at reducing obesity. However, this form of exercise also allows for longer, more frequent activity and consumes more energy when the individual is active. In addition, the metabolic activity of an individual is heightened for several hours following a bout of aerobic activity. Aerobic training course of this type can also be used by individuals with anorexia as a means of suppressing appetite, since aerobic exercise increases glucose and fatty acids in the blood by stimulating tissues to release their energy stores. While there is some support for exercising while hungry as a means of tapping into fat stores, most evidence is equivocal. In addition, performance can be impaired by lack of nutrients, which can impair training effects. Among other impacts on metabolism we may mention metabolic energy stores changes: stored creatine phosphate, ATP, triglycerides and glycogen increase in the course of aerobic training. This is both short- and long-term change (Foran, 57-64). There are also other long-term effects on the body. Let us examine some of them, arranged in groups according to body parts or other physiolocal parametres, affected by the training. All of them are effects of an above-mentioned aerobic training course. Performance: This parameter includes changes in general callisthenics. Here we can mention increase of muscle endurance (low power output), aerobic power, sprint speed (very slight increase)and practically no change in muschle strength and anaerobic power. Body composition The aerobic training course does not influence the amount of fat free mass of a person, however, it decreases percent body fat. Muscle Fiber The aerobic training course allows for capillary density increase, mitochondrial density increase and convertion of muscle fiber to type II. However, the training course does not change the muscle fiber size or fast heavy chain myosin. Aerobic training course also has some influence on bone and connective tissues of the body. Though bone dencity practically does not change with aerobic exercises, some changes in collagen content, tendon strength and ligament strength especially might occur.

Exxon Oil Spill Essay -- essays research papers

Oil spills have often occurred too many times in this world. Unfortunately, when this does happen, there is always losses of life. Many people are affected by it. There is always a price to pay. On March 24, 1989 the Exxon Valdez oil tanker spilt all its oil into the ocean.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Going about twelve miles per hour, the doubt of a oil spill was highly unlikely. But, when the oil tanker hit Bligh Reef in Alaska’s Prince William Sound, the worst oil spill in United States history occurred. Consequently, more than eleven million gallons of oil spued into the ocean. In addition, more than thirteen hundred miles of shoreline was coated with oil. Furthermore, the slick would have covered more than three football fields in width. It was the fifty-third ranked spill in the world and the worst the United States has ever seen. Many places would be contaminated by the oil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not only did the oil spill into the ocean, it also got on shore. More than one thousand miles of shore line was hit by the oil. It hurt the small towns along Alaska, Canada, and even parts of Russia that depend on fishing and the sea life. Many species were affected by it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The disaster destroyed many sea creatures. More than 250,000 birds were wiped out. Over 2,800 sea otters were killed. Analysis showed that there are two recovered species. These species are the bald eagle and the river otter. Also, there are eight recovering species. These are the black oystercatcher, common murre, marbled murrelet, mussel, Pacific herring, pink salmon, sea otter, sockeye salmon, and intertidal and subtidal flora and fauna. Unfortunate, there are six unrecovered species. Common loon, cormorant, harbor seal, harlequin duck, pigeon guillemot, and others are among these. In addition, there are four species of unknown recovery. They include the cutthroat trout, dolly varden, kittlitz’s murrelet, and rockfish. Not only were the fish affected, but also the humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Thousands of fisherman were hurt by the spill. In fact, more than 10,000 fisherman that work the waters of Prince William Sound, Cook Inlet, and Kodiak Island received money from Exxon. Exxon estimated that the losses to commercial fisheries amounted to $113 million. Exxon paid the fisherman $286.8 million in compensatory damages. Because of the s... ...more than $2.1 billion in cleanup costs in the first two years after the disaster. Surprisingly, only about fourteen percent of the oil was recovered by cleanup crews. Cleaning and natural degradation removed much of the oil from the beaches, but visually identifiable surface and subsurface oil persists at many locations. Of the approximate 1,300 miles of shorelines, 200 miles of it was considered heavy or medium oiling. The rest of the shorelines were considered light or very light oiling. So what happened to the 10.8 million gallons of oil released into the environment? Based on surveys, most of the oil either evaporated, dispersed into the water column, or degraded naturally. Cleanup crews just got fourteen percent of it while thirteen percent of it sunk to the sea floor. About two percent remains on the beaches.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  March 24, 1989 is a date no one will forget. As the worst oil spill ever to hit America, many sea creatures lost their life and humans lost their source of work and food. A lesson can be learned from the tragedy of the Exxon Valdez. It is too bad it was learned with the expense of thousands of sea creatures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

There are two main designs of telescopes

Astronomy can be defined as the study of all electromagnetic radiation from outer space. This definition encompasses the nature of the field, that the objects actually under study – the planets, stars, galaxies, et. al – are quite unreachable and such, information and knowledge we have of them stems not from direct experimentation but from observation of their emitted radiation.For most of astronomy’s history, that radiation was in the form of light and the primary tool for gathering and observing that light was the human eye. Without any aids, early astronomers such as Tycho Brahe, the Mayans and the Egyptians were able to develop a very detailed understanding of the stars and their motions.Ever since Galileo pointed his telescope towards the heavens, astronomy has been revolutionized. Far from being a study of celestial motions, astronomy evolved to the study of the actual celestial objects. The telescope allowed for direct observation of these specks of light traveling in the velvet sky.Moreover, the telescope allowed us to see what is impossible to perceive with the naked eye. Even the most basic telescope available today can reveal craters on the moon, or the moons of Jupiter and the rings of Saturn.There are two main designs of telescopes – reflecting and refracting. A telescope’s main function is to do one thing – gather light and focus it to one point. Refractor telescopes do this using lenses – curved pieces of glass which light passes through. The type of lens used by refractor telescopes are convex lenses which make parallel rays of light (emanating from the astronomical object) converge to a single point.The path of the light gets bent as it passes through the lens resulting in all the light rays being focused to a single point. In the case of reflecting telescopes, light is focused through the use of curved mirrors. Light being reflected by the mirror is directed to a single point. The shape of mirro rs used in reflector telescopes can include parabolas, hyperbolic and elliptical curves depending on the specific design of the reflector telescope.Today, the largest telescopes are all reflector telescopes. This is because to some inherent advantages in reflector telescopes. First, we need to realize that a telescope is a very precise optical device. With a reflector telescope, we only need to have one very precisely made side – the mirrored side of the glass reflector. Compare this to a lens where light has to pass through.A lens would have two surfaces which need to be perfectly polished, resulting in twice the amount of effort. Couple this with the fact that most contemporary refractor designs rely on multiple lenses to correct for optical aberrations. Secondly, reflector telescopes are more structurally sound at large sizes. Since light does not have to pass through the mirror, a support structure can be placed directly underneath the mirror.The support structure would b e much harder to create for a refractor telescope. Firstly, the shape of the convex lenses means that it is heaviest at the center. Secondly, even if it is heaviest at the center, the support structure can only be made at the edges due to the need for light to pass through the lens.As we said earlier, the primary purpose of a telescope is to gather light. A common misconception is that telescopes are used to simply make far away things look nearer, that is a telescope is supposed to magnify the view of objects. The magnification of a telescope is not a function of a telescope itself but a function of the telescope’s focal length and the focal length of the eyepiece used in viewing.The magnification is equal to the focal length of the telescope divided by the focal length of the eyepiece. This means that a single telescope can have many different magnifications depending on the eyepiece used. One might be tempted to think that telescopes can have infinite magnification simply by using eyepieces with shorter focal length.In reality, the highest magnification for a telescope is around 50 x the aperture (the diameter of the telescope’s objective optical element) in inches. This limitation is due to several factors. First, high magnifications will result in a dimmer image. Secondly, aberrations in the atmosphere and optical train become more obvious with high magnifications.Secondly, there is a limit to magnification as optical limitations would place a threshold on the available resolution produced by the telescope. Any magnification beyond this threshold only produces empty magnification as not additional detail can be resolved.The ability of the telescope to resolve details is inversely proportional to its aperture. This is set by the Rayleigh, Dawes and Sparrow’s limit which all say that the limiting resolution of an optical system is some factor divided by the diameter of the optic. Simply put, the larger the telescope, the higher its reso lving power.

Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination on the Web Essay

People think that racism and discrimination doesn’t exist anymore, but surprisingly they do; both existed throughout human history. Discrimination may be defined as a negative, harmful behaviour toward people based on their group membership. Whereas prejudice which is an opinion rather than a fact; is a negative attitude toward members of a group, that is often very strongly held. Stereotypes are individuals’ beliefs that members of a group share particular attributes; someone might think that Arabs are terrorists, or doctors are intelligent and compassionate. Unlike prejudice and discrimination-terms that refer to negative attitudes or actions- stereotypes can be either positive or negative. The Palestinian-Israeli conflict will never end, and each individual has a different opinion about it. Ahmed Ramie is a Moroccan-Swedish writer and Holocaust denier, also the founder of the radio station Radio Islam which now operates as a website. Radio Islam is a website owned by a group of freedom fighters from different countries in support of Ahmed Ramie’s global struggle. Radio Islam is a website that is trying to promote better relations between the â€Å"West† and the Arab and Muslim World; it’s against racism of all kids and forms also against all kinds of discrimination of people based on their color of skin and faith. Meta-Stereotypes are a person’s belief about the stereotype that out-group members hold concerning his or her own group; for example Arabs would believe that Jews hold a negative stereotype of their group (terrorists). Meta-stereotype differs depending on each group; Arabs may hold negative stereotypes against Jews (Occupants). Each group may hold different opinions; Palestinians may consider that their victims of the chosen people (the Jews). Each group believes that they hold the right opinions about others and some of them would never change their opinion. Another hate site that depicts hate towards Jews is Kinsman Redeemer Ministrie, Pastor Mark Downe is strongly honest with his opinion towards Jews, and his title is why we hate Jews. Scapegoat theory is a theory proposing that prejudice occurs because members of dominant groups use discrimination against members of weak target groups to vent their frustration and disappointment. People become frustrated during difficult economic time and tend to take out their frustration on weak targets, for example Jews in Nazi Germany in the late 1930s when Hitler roused anger against Jews by claiming they had too much economic power and blaming them for the impact of the worldwide depression on Germany. Jews were an outcast that many Germans disliked, but when Hitler started his campaign of propaganda, some Germans followed his league. But there’s a difference between these two sites; Radio Islam is against Zionism not Judaism, where Kinsman Redeemer Ministries talks specifically about Jews and lists different reasons why people should hate them. One man started this propaganda and changed the whole world, now Hitler is gone but people still carry on with his campaign and spread the hate and racism among others. People should be more considerate about other peoples’ opinions and beliefs and not hurt them by hate websites or picking on them. Each person in this world is a unique individual who shouldn’t be judged based on his/her religion, color, sexuality or ethnicity. Prejudice against overweight women is common now a day, people who are overweight are the targets of widespread prejudice and discrimination, and they may find difficulties finding a job or travelling. Some groups hold hate towards other overweight people, they believe that the fat gene is not an excuse and obesity should not be common among us. If an obese saw a hate website about overweight groups they would feel ashamed and upset that they would eat more rather than fixing their problem. â€Å"Old-Fashioned† Prejudice is one of the forms of prejudice; the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) is name of three distinct past and present right-wing organizations in the United States. After the American Civil War the KKK was created on December 24, 1865, this group represents the White Christian civilization they believe in many concepts and rights that should be essential to civilized and moral society. Some people might find them as ignorant and racist but they are certainly convinced about their beliefs and actions towards illegal immigrants and black people. On one of the hate websites KKK they mention white all the time that others might be offended and bothered, their mission is to live in a country with white people only. Again Frustration caused this group it started after the War before that people didn’t mind black people. Martin Luther King has become a human rights icon and he represented all African Americans; he fought for their rights since the 50’s. Throughout the history till the present African Americans still might feel discriminated and an outcast. Stereotypes is a huge effect on people and how they feel about others, a kid might not think of a Black man in the middle of the night as a killer or a thief but as this kid grows older and starts watching television and surfing the internet this persons’ thoughts will change and develop hate towards Black people and somehow fear. In all I would like to wrap up this assignment with saying that I’m totally against judging a book from its cover, some people might hate all Jews because some of them occupied Palestine or some Jews would hate all Germans because some of them slaughtered them. But I think that’s not only racist but it’s ignorant, all people should be treated the same and those hate websites can convince teenagers to turn into a hater and I’m surprised how they exist from the first place. Websites I visited: -http://radioislam. org/islam/english/index_zion1. htm -http://www. kinsmanredeemer. com/WhyWeHateJews. htm -http://ihatefatpeople. wordpress. com/ -http://www. kkk. bz/.

Television Advertising

Television Advertising Free Online Research Papers Television commercials are viewed by millions on a daily basis and are considered to be very influential on today’s society. Television advertisements can be used for a variety of reasons, but are mostly used as a marketing tool to attract a targeted audience to increase sales for companies or to send messages to the public. Although television commercials have grown in popularity over the years, state of the art live television recording capabilities that are offered by leading cable television providers, the heavy influence that the broadcast companies utilized is now at risk of going un-noticed. Television advertising is defined by entrepreneur.com as 10- to 60-second commercials on network television stations (entrepreneur.com). Television advertising in today’s society is used for many things. Commercials are used to send messages to consumers to increase sales for companies. Advertisements are also used by politicians to increase popularity among potential voters to gain support for their political campaigns. They are also used to increase awareness for many causes such as; animal cruelty, global warming, humanitarian efforts, as well as drug, sex and alcohol awareness. Ultimately the goal of advertising is to take one of these many ideas and market it to the population. Before television advertising the radio was the nation’s primary source of mass-marketing. All of that would change during a Dodger vs. Phillies baseball game on July 1st 1941 when United States of America would witness the first ten second television advertisement for the Bulova watch making company (bulova .com). Since then television advertisements has come a long way. With catchy slogans and popular jingles, television advertising has changed and shaped the nation. From its black white beginnings to the now colorful, sleek, visually stimulating commercials; television advertising techniques have attracted a wider variety of audiences. Race, sex and age are some of the many audiences that advertisements can target. Race is a difficult to take into consideration when it comes to targeting the population. You can run into the risk of segregating a group and possibly stereotyping as well. Pepsi has compiled a collage of images dating back from the 1960’s to the present. The images include different races enjoying activities together as well as returning from war and waving the American flag (â€Å"Race Becomes More† 2009). The advertisement portrays a visual diversity to connect to wider audiences. The effect that this new strategy of advertising has on society is believed to be shown in a positive light. Blacks and whites can enjoy activities together and no longer separated. There are some advertising techniques that are incorporated into commercials to attract gender and age specific audiences. You might see a television commercial advertising a brand new vacuum or cleaning product, but the character in the commercial is a woman and she is shown vacuuming the carpet or cleaning the house. Maybe you have seen the Axe brand commercials for deodorant. These commercials portray a male using this product and afterwards he is irresistible to woman. The techniques used in these commercials attract gender specific audiences in order to increase sales. Television advertising has increased in popularity since the 60’s until now. Commercials are a simple form of advertising because they are viewed by millions and companies sometimes only need to produce one commercial. Although it may be simple to create a television commercial, it is no longer cheap to acquire air time from broadcasting companies. The Superbowl is a nationally covered television event. The advertisements during this event are just as popular as the game itself. The price for 30 seconds of airtime during this event can reach upwards of 2.7 million dollars. Companies could see this as a sound investment due to the high viewer ratings of 90 million in population. Over the years there has been an increase in airtime for these commercials during programming as well. An hour long program in the 60’s contained an average of 51 minutes with 9 minutes of advertising. Today programming has been shortened to 42 minutes with the remainder of time as an allotment f or advertising. Television advertising has managed to obtain more airtime in order to reach the highest numbers in viewers, there are still more ways for them to get your attention. If for some reason you do not have access to a television, corporations will bring television advertising to you. To further reach more viewers, companies have invested in installing televisions in grocery stores and even gas station pumps. Convenience stores like Wal-mart have televisions suspended over the isles to advertise products that are on sale in the store and gas companies have advertisements playing while you pump your gas. There are many methods to that companies utilize to ensure they reach as many viewers as possible to increase sales. Have they come up with this new method of communicating with the population for a reason? Are viewers not interested in television commercials anymore? With features of live television recording and digital video recording offered by leading cable and satellite networks, viewers are now able to record their favorite programs and watch them at a later date and fast forward through commercials. This can pose as a threat to the future of television advertising as many viewers prefer this method to avoid those pesky commercials. However, new forms of advertising are coming around to combat possible dilemma. Banners and logos are now present at the bottom or top of the screen during programs. Sponsors and companies often utilize product placement within the programming as well. New ideas are being formed by advertising teams in order to combat the possible drop in viewer ratings during commercial breaks due to new features like live television recording devices. Television advertisements have been used by corporations to increase sales as a mass-marketing tool to reach millions of viewers on a daily basis and also by political parties to increase the likely hood of election. Marketing teams incorporate a number of techniques into the production of advertisements to attract a specific audience to a product and because it works so well the popularity of television commercials and their use has skyrocketed over the last few decades. Although they are a popular form of advertising they are threatened by new features offered by cable and satellite television providers. Digital video recorders and live television recording capabilities offer viewers the opportunity to record television programs and fast forward through commercials, exposing themselves to less commercial airtime. References MSNBC (2009, March 1). Race becomes more central to TV advertising. MSNBC. Retrieved January 18, 2010, from http://msnbc.msn.com/ id/29453960/ Research Papers on Television AdvertisingMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New Employees19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraWhere Wild and West MeetThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is Art

Obama Vetoes Bill Cutting Former Presidents Pension, Allowances

Obama Vetoes Bill Cutting Former Presidents' Pension, Allowances On July 22, 2016, President Obama vetoed the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act, which would have cut the pensions and allowances paid to former presidents. In his veto message to Congress, Obama said the bill â€Å"would impose onerous and unreasonable burdens on the offices of former presidents.† In an accompanying press release, the White House added that the President had vetoed the bill because it would have â€Å"immediately terminate salaries and all benefits to staffers carrying out the official duties of former presidents leaving no time or mechanism for them to transition to another payroll.† In addition, said the White House, the bill would have made it harder for the Secret Service to protect former presidents and would â€Å"immediately terminate leases, and remove furniture from offices of former presidents working to fulfilling their continued public service responsibilities.† The White House added that the President was willing to work with Congress in resolving his issues with the bill. â€Å"If Congress provides these technical fixes, the president would sign the bill,† said the White House. The White House noted that the President had vetoed the bill only after consulting with the four other surviving former presidents and that the veto was â€Å"responsive to concerns they raised to us.† Had it not been vetoed, the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act would have: Cut Pensions and Allowances for Former Presidents While not specifically aimed at Bill Clinton, who has made $104.9 million to â€Å"pay the bills† from speaking fees alone, the bill would have cut the pensions and allowances of former presidents. Under the current Former Presidents Act, former presidents receive an annual pension equal to the salaries of Cabinet Secretaries. Under the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act, the pensions of all former and future former presidents would have been capped at a maximum of $200,000 and the current link between presidential pensions and the annual salaries of Cabinet Secretary would have been removed. Replaced Other Benefits with a Single Allowance The bill would have also removed other benefits currently given to former presidents, including those for travel, staff, and office expenses. Instead, former presidents would have been given an additional $200,000 allowance to be used he or she determined. In other words, under Chaffetz’s bill, former presidents would have gotten an annual pension and allowance totaling no more than $400,000 - the same as the current presidential salary. However, under another provision of the bill, the pensions and allowances paid to former presidents could have been reduced further or even eliminated completely by Congress. Under Rep. Chaffetz’s bill, for every dollar former presidents earn in excess of that $400,000, their government-provided annual allowance would have been reduced by $1. In addition, former presidents who went on to hold any elected position in the federal government or the District of Columbia would have received no pension or allowance while holding that office. For example, under Chaffetz’s dollar-for-dollar penalty plan, former President Clinton, who made almost $10 million from speaking fees and book royalties in 2014, would have received no pension or allowances at all. But Presidential Widows Would Have Seen a Raise The bill would have increased the allowance paid to the surviving spouses of deceased former presidents from $20,000 to $100,000 a year. Currently, the only surviving spouse of a former president is Nancy Reagan, who received $7,000 in benefits in 2014, according to the Congressional Research Service. How Much Have Former Presidents Been Getting? According to an April 2014 Congressional Research Service report, the four surviving former presidents received a government pension and allowance benefits in 2014 totaling: Jimmy Carter - $470,000George H.W. Bush $837,000Bill Clinton $950,000George W. Bush $1,287,000 Rep. Chaffetz and other supporters of the Presidential Allowance Modernization Act argued that modern former presidents are highly unlikely to be strapped for cash, an opinion supported by the Congressional Research Service (CRS). â€Å"No current former President has claimed publicly to have significant financial concerns,† stated the CRS report. But, that has not always the case. Prior to the enactment of the Former Presidents Act in 1958, former presidents received no federal pension or other financial assistance at all, and some did suffer the â€Å"hard times.† â€Å"Some former Presidents- like Herbert Hoover and Andrew Jackson - returned to wealthy post-presidential lives,† stated the CRS. â€Å"Other former Presidents - including Ulysses S. Grant and Harry S. Truman - struggled financially.† Former President Truman, for example, said that just responding to his mail and requests for speeches cost him more than $30,000 a year. Current Status of the Bill The Presidential Allowance Modernization Act was passed by the House of Representatives on January 11, 2016, and by the Senate on June 21, 2016. The bill, as passed by the House and Senate, was vetoed by President Obama on July 22, 2016. On December 5, 2016, the bill, along with President Obama’s accompanying veto message, was referred to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. After deliberation, the committee decided against attempting to override the president’s veto.

Advanced Networking Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Advanced Networking - Coursework Example The huge size of the organisation can be guessed by its year 2007 volume of credit and debit card transactions which grossed to 4 billion.The organisation is looking for evaluation and strategies to improve grey in the fields of Fault management, Configuration Management, Network management, Security Management and Account Management. Finally, the organisation is interested in developing a network Management tool to automate & simplify the areas mentioned before. This paper attempts to provide a strategic solution in all the areas of Fault management, Configuration Management, Network management, Security Management and Account Management.Fault Management is defined as the process of monitoring, identifying, correcting the errors in any system. The Fault management is of two types - Passive and Active. The Passive fault management is also knows the breakdown management as in this case the designated person or system does not work towards correcting the fault until the system has brok en down.In case of the active fault management, the complete system is monitored by an automated system which keeps on checking all the network connections and keeps sending the report to an operator. The operator, through a set of parameter values, determines if the values are in "safe" range else the remedial action can be taken before the breakdown of the system happens. The Fault Management systems are designed to operate in auto modes i.e. the system takes action on its own to correct the problem or else it sends an SMS, automated call to the escalation for any kind of human intervention to correct the problem. The following schematic diagram explains this system more clearly. Diagram 1: Schematic of the Active Fault Management System Following techniques are used to repair the faults identified in the network of the IT System - Remove / neutralize fault, using redundancy Retry without intervention (time redundancy) Reconstruct data/state (data redundancy) Work-around (configuration redundancy) Substitution (code redundancy) Tolerate fault: reduce service quality Reduce speed, reduce precision Use default, omit faulty parts Supportive functionality: Checkpointing - Dynamic Reconfiguration Organization of Fault Management at XYZ enterprise XYZ enterprise would be using all the techniques mentioned in the previous section to efficiently handle the Faults at the enterprise's complex system. The management would be pro-active with the agreed safe parameters along with formal documentation on the escalation procedure. Configuration Management Configuration Management is defined as the process of managing the software source code or any "configuration" items in its integrated format. All the changes to the configurable items are version controlled and are stored in software which allows the configurable items to be updated only after a set of processes are followed. Configuration Management helps to identify at any point of time, the current software code version, essential characteristics of the codes and any dependencies amongst the codes, if any. Unless, there is a methodology to manage the software codes, the changes to software can be a minor discomfort to a major issue with a potential to bring down the mission critical business applications. Another important use of the Configuration Management process is the reduction of development effort in applications by re-using the existing software available in the organisation. The identification of the characteristics of the existing source in the organisat

UM&UC Family Health Clinic - Meeting Meaningful Use of Billing Research Paper

UM&UC Family Health Clinic - Meeting Meaningful Use of Billing Function EHR InfoSys - Research Paper Example This system helps to generates more customer satisfaction, reliability and safety towards the patients. EHR system also supports the automatic recording of charges and their claims in respect to patients. This also keeps appropriate records of medicines prescribed by physicians of the respective patients to avoid mistakes and confusion. EHR system also provides effective performance in the overall medical procedure of patients. Moreover, EHR system stores all requisite records from admission to discharge of the patients to make the process of organization smooth and effective. The day-to-day requirement of every necessities whether it would be their room charges, food, medicine, treatment and testing expenses are consistently recorded in these EHR systems. Hence it can be concluded that implementation of EHR system in health care industry will help to enhance medical care, safety and services to the patients in an effective manner. This will ultimately provide a competitive advantage and profit maximization for the health care industry (Health IT.gov, 2013; Carroll et al., 2012). Infosys Electronic Health Record System (EHR) is an architectural design, which must be implemented by UM & UC Family Health Clinic to improve the quality of care, safety and decisions regarding the financial management. EHR delivers comprehensive health care services through electronic devices, various tools of health management, referral management, scheduling and clinical messaging. Through the application of EHR healthcare organizations delivers extreme quality performance towards care and safety of patients. EHR will build transparency and accuracy in maintaining as well as storing of various medical records of patients. Due to the implementation of this system there will be less mix of data and the data will be stored in an organized manner. This will benefit the patients as well as the

Cyberculture and Cybersexuality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Cyberculture and Cybersexuality - Essay Example Since the middle of 1960s sociologists and social philosophers actively discussed a question on the introduction of the most developed countries in a qualitatively other stage of social development characterized by them as a post-industrial or information society which main distinguishing criterion is the defining role of information technologies in all spheres of people and society life. In general, information technologies cannot be considered as something belonging exclusively to the world of techniques for they have so deeply got into the life of people and society, that it is obviously not possible to isolate them from the general world outlook and cultural context any more. The quantum leap in the information industry urgently specifies necessity of the analysis of the newest technologies through a prism of world outlook changes. We should admit that those changes are observed in all spheres of human life and also in the sphere of human sexuality. In the context of Cyber Sexuality, they claim that digital communication technologies have led to a more isolated society. Theoretical Background This issue is very topical as on revealing of relationship between the information technologies which have created unique opportunities for new vision and perception of a social (an in particular sexual) reality on the boundary of the third millennium will allow to give to concept "cyber sexuality" more concrete and powerful theoretical status in order to protect it from unilateral and unduly prejudiced interpretations. In 1984 William Gibson (1984: 51) has published the novel "Neuromancer" in which for the first time he has entered the concept of a cyberspace: "Cyberspace. A consensual hallucination experienced by billions of legitimate operators ". After Gibson's novel gradually cyberspace has began to be considered as a space created by the world telecommunication network and other computer communication systems. Social consequences of functioning of new information technologies are extremely various: they change a way of a person's activities, person's social communications, organizational forms and the content of social interactions. In this connection a subject of attention of researchers became the influence of information technologies on mentality of the person, communication mediated via computers and peculiar features of person's activity in the Internet. In 1960s in connection with the development of TV and other electronic means of information communication Herbert Marshall McLuhan has noted the change of a way of thinking. He has stimulated modern researches of sociology of culture, on having allocated the influence of "means of communication" on the change of ways of thinking and social organization. Since then mass-media communications become the object of attention of Jean Baudrillard, Paul Virilio, Slavoj Zhizhek and Umberto Eco - those thinkers who have moved the research of th e virtual reality created by means of telecommunication technologies from the level of intuitive representations up to analytically-theoretical level and have tracked a birth different kinds of simulacrums, their influence on the connectedness of space as bases of social reality. Any social relation arises and supports own existence owing to the information. The channels of reception of the information (verbal, visual, audio, etc.) studied Rudolf Arnheim, R. Bart, Umberto Eco and other researchers.

Donating Your Body To Science Philosophy Essay

Donating Your Body To Science Philosophy Essay Why should someone donate their body to science? One reason is to help discover causes for diseases and even develop cures for those diseases. Using donated bodies scientists have discovered many reasons why humans develop cancer and because of this are also finding ways to treat it. Scientists are also using human brains which have been donated to help them see how the brains works and to help them treat brain disorders. Another benefit of people donating their bodies to science is relieving their families of the expensive of burial. Funeral costs are expensive. In most cases of donation of a body, funeral fees will be paid by the business, hospital or university that is using the body for research. Often they will cremate what was not used and give the families the cremated remains. Other times, they will give the families the body back and pay for the funeral. This is not the case for everybody though, it depends on what the recently deceased person requested in their will. The business, hospital or university will almost always honor what the donors request happens to their bodies. A third reason someone would donate their body is to help solve crimes. Forensic investigators use bodies to help identify how long someone has been dead after a murder. The forensic investigators can do this by studying the decay that occurs to a body over a period of time. They can also use a body to help show how a person died. To do this, they use donated bodies to demonstrate different wounds that can be caused by various weapons and then compare those wounds to decide what weapon was used in a particular case. As a result, donating your body to science can help solve crimes and stop criminals from committing future crimes. There are also many reasons why someone would choose not to donate their body to science. One is religion. Although most people believe donating a body is good, they may think that it goes against their religious beliefs. However, most major religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam recognize and allow organ and tissue donations. Most religions even believe that donating a body is a good thing to do and that it is an act of kindness. However, not all religions support this and a few do believe that your body should remain whole and intact after death. Overall, it depends on the person to decide what should happen their body. Another reason that someone may not donate their body is fear. Many people think that if they were in some kind of accident and were about to die the doctors would not try as hard to save them. A lot of people believe that the doctors will want their organs. This is not true. When someone is rushed into the emergency room doctors do not even know if they are a donor or not. So there is no benefit for the doctor to not try as hard to save a life in the hope of having organs to use. In fact, if it can be proven that the doctor did not make every effort to save a life they can be sued for malpractice. There really is no reason to be afraid to donate your organs or body because a doctor will always try their hardest to save someone if they are about to die. My final reason that someone may not donate their body is because they feel it will be disgraced and they truth of the matter is that the body does have a chance of being disgraced. Like in the book Stiff when Mary Roach talks about cadavers being used as crash test dummies. Many people would find this to be disgraceful, but it still does not change the fact that these people are helping the world to be safer because it demonstrates what the human body can go through in a crash. When someone does donate their body to science it does have a chance of being disgraced but that should not keep people from doing it. The benefits almost always out way the cost. What one person sacrifices may save the lives of many others. Many people wonder what donating their body to science can do. One major thing is that it can help save a life. When Mary Roach talks about cadavers being used by medical students helps explain why they need to study the human body. I know that I would not want a surgeon who has never really studied a human body to perform surgery on me. This practice can help save a life because it gives doctors and surgeons experience that they need. When human bodies are used as crash test dummies it helps show what improvements need to be made to our cars to make them safer for us. When an organ is donated it can even save someones life. When a body is donated it can help save a life in numerous ways. Donating a body to science can also help show how diseases impact a body. If the person who donated their body had a disease then doctors and scientists can examine that body to see what effects the disease did to the body and how it effected each of the organs. This will help scientist know how to treat others with the same disease more effectively. For example, if the person donating their body had a disease that affected their brain scientists and doctors can discover new and better ways to operate on a living person or create new medications to lessen or eliminate the effects to the brain. This is important because we need to know how different diseases react with the human body and the medicines that are used to counteract the disease. Donating a body to science can even help prevent inhumane treatment of animals and save their lives. Modern medicine is beginning to move away from using living animals to experiment on because of animal rights activists. Studies have shown that surgeons who work on human cadavers do far better than those who work on living animals. It is a lot easier to work with patients because of the experience they have with human cadavers instead of animals. They are even working on a new way to make human cadavers cardiovascular systems work while they are working on the cadavers. There is so much knowledge that a human body can provide over a living animal to a new doctor or surgeon. A human cadaver has so much to offer us. Most people have no idea what donating your body can do. It helps us in ways that I never thought possible but learned about as I read the book Stiff. I never realized cadavers were used as crash test dummies or to see how bullets and bombs affect the body. Those who donate give us so much that we do not realize. They have probably saved hundreds of thousands of lives. By donating their bodies they have each opened up new ways to help others. Everyone who donated their body did it to help others. In my mind, they should be considered heroes because they do so much good for us and arent even here to see what they have done. Overview I personally thought the book Stiff was a good book. I am not one for the more ghoulish parts but overall still thought that it was a good book. I do not think that this would be a book that I would have chosen on my own but I am glad that I had to read this book. When I first got this book I had no idea what donating your body to science actually meant. Although, at this time, I do not plan to donate my body to science, this book actually shown me how much good can come from it. Maybe in the future, as I get older or if my life is at some point affected by a donation, my decision may change. I thought the book was very well written and maintained a good balance between being gross and funny. When I first got the book I really did not want to read it but the more I got into it the more entertaining it became. My favorite part of the book was Chapter 4, Dead Man Driving. There was just something about it that made me laugh even though it seems wrong to use a persons body as a crash te st dummy. It made me wonder, if these people are watching themselves being crashed into a wall, what would they be thinking. Would they still think they made the right decision or would they regret it? This book was one of the more enjoyable books I have read. Over the summer I plan to read more books like Stiff. Work Cited  · pitz, Marylynne. donating your body to science. N.p., 28 Apr. 2010. Infoiho.org. Web. 28 Apr. 2010. · Stolz, Greg. Dead and gone- but still usefull. N.p., 28 Oct. 2008. infohio.org. Web. 28 Apr. 2011. · Fiorito, Joe. Donation to body worlds breaks new boundaries. N.p., 27 Nov. 2009. infoiho.org. Web. 28 Apr. 2011. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Donating Your Body to Science | Funeral-Tips.com. | Funeral-Tips.com. Web. 28 April 2011. . Leaving a Legacy of Compassion. PETA Prime: Celebrating Kind Choices. Web. 28 April 2011. Loeben, Greg. Body and Organ Donation Should I Donate My Body to Science? Whole Body Donation for Medical Research, Education and Training. Web. 28 Apr. 2011. .

Garden for the Blind :: Architecture Design Essays

Garden for the Blind When designing a garden for the blind one has to adjust the design to fit the needs for the enjoyment of the garden by the blind. Although the blind have lost their sense of sight, their other senses are heightened tremendously. Adjusting to these heightened senses can be a struggle by itself but can prove to be very beneficial and breathtaking in the end. Many advantages and disadvantages come with this design concept. Overall when designing a garden to be enjoyed by the blind one should focus on creating an atmosphere that adheres greatly to the sense of both smell and sound. The overall structure of the garden for the blind will be snake like. Based on the topography of the plot of land being used for this project, a small hill behind Hume hall, a snake like structure will be best in tackling the hills. The snake-like pathway will start at the top and flow from east to west, across the hill while still traveling downward. This will make the drop in elevation gradual. Also, the garden will also be enclosed because birds will be utilized in the project, and it will allow for sunlight to be used efficiently. In the beginning of the garden for the blind the participant will be struck with extreme sound. The sound will not be intense in volume, but intense in the quality and depth. I will house birds that will live near the entrance and have loud chirps. It is not vital the birds be of a particular species; however, being that the mockingbird is the state bird of Florida, mockingbirds will be appropriate. Nightingales also have a distinctive call and will be added. In conjunction with this upheaval of sound, the terrain will be altered in the entrance. I will have either gravel or stepping-stones; this lets the participant know that he or she is entering the garden due to the contrast between the land before the entrance and the entrance. Also this uneven terrain should heighten the senses of the participant. Malnar and Vodvarka in Sensory Design suggest that â€Å"uneven terrain/pathways heighten[s] our awareness of surfaces by obliging us to bring our sensory organs into the bes t alignment to perceive them† (104). The flowers that will be present in the entrance will be yellow jasmines and scented geraniums.

Link Crew Portfolio Essay

Unit 1: Getting to know your grade nine’s 1. I am fortunate to have gotten to know and to have been able to mentor all my grade nine-link students, I have gotten to know that all of them are special and talented in their own ways. The grade nine-link student that I will be profiling is one of those many; I remember the first time I met this grade nine and how excited she was to be starting high school and unlike all the other grade nines we had who all looked nervous she looked ready and energized for what was waiting ahead of her. I also remember that on the first day of high school she had her career plan already set, she wanted to be a veterinarian and she also knew what university she wanted to attend and what school courses up to grade twelve she had to take. I was so impressed with her because I remember my first day of high school I was a nervous wreck who did not want to meet any new people or go out my comfort zone. This link student would always come to me if she had any questions about school and most importantly, she always wanted to know when our next link AFU was, this always made me happy because I knew that she was interested in what we (my link partner and I) had to say. This link student’s learning style would have to be visual, I say this because back during the first day of school we had a discussion on books, more specifically the Hunger Games since I noticed that she had a Hunger game necklace after mentioning that she told me that she had read the Hunger Games 64 times already. Sixty four times is a lot of times to read one book and that is quite impressive for a young girl, the thing that makes her a visual learner though is right after she said that she told that she had to read that much times in order to visualize it and memorize it since it was her favourite book. I also say she is a visual learner because every time we would give out examples during our AFU she would always ask us to write it down or show her an example so she could visually see it. I would also say that she is linguistic due to the example given above about her reading a book 64 times , she is also very outspoken and she is able to portray her feeling and thoughts through language and speaking. For her socio-economic background, I would have to say that in my perspective she has a stable socio-economic background and that she has never once come to me about socio-economic problems, or have I ever heard anyone once say that she has socio-economic issues. Since my grade nine student is really outspoken she is sometimes portrayed from her peers as very talkative, and just from my link group I could see that some of my link students get annoyed of her because she likes to answer her questions in detail, which is a good thing. I feel that people can’t really get to know her well because they make rash decisions based on their first impression and to some people their first impression of her is sometimes negative. The negative impression from others rather sets back her social development but other than that, her mental health seems to be fine. There isn’t really a huge problem with her physical health as well, and this allows her to be very energetic and spirited. Some appropriate future goals would for this link student would be to be more aware of other people thoughts, and to take into consideration other people’s opinions. This hinders my grade nine from getting to really understand other people, and to see where others may be coming from, and this limits her social interactions with her peers. In addition, it is sometimes difficult for my grade nine to communicate with her teachers as well. Even though she has a lot of time ahead of her if she could improve on this, she would be both socially and academically ready to face all of high school. 2. For me personally a good example where school or community services helped students overcome barriers to learning would have to be my story of overcoming my barrier to learning a new language. Growing up I was never the brightest person, I had difficulties learning in elementary school. When I first arrived to Canada, I knew nothing and to make matters worse it was difficult for me to get new concepts, such as a new language. Therefore when I finished first grade my mom decided to have me held back and put back in to grade one again. I was sad at first because I wanted to be in the same grade as my friends but then I was put into ESL, why they didn’t put me into ESL my first year I have no idea. After I was put into ESL though I could see myself continuously improving and the thing I liked most about it was that I never felt any pressure from my ESL teacher, and I was able to learn at my own pace. It became gradually noticeable that I was improving and after a year or so, I did not need ESL anymore. Soon following that, I was able to go back to my original grade because ESL helped me achieve and overcome my barriers to learning. 3. A meaningful mentorship interaction between my link kids and me would be the time I helped one of my link kids have a better communication with one of her teachers. My link kid was having trouble understanding one of her teachers and the way I figured this out was that one day during lunch while I was talking to one of my friends in the cafeteria I noticed my link kid sitting at one of the tables. I went up to her to say hi but then I noticed that she was looking gloom and my link is always a happy cheerful person and full of spirit. I became curious and so I asked her if she was okay. I could see she was resistant at first to tell me what was troubling her, but after a brief second or two, she started to open up and tell me how she was having trouble understanding one of her teachers, and how the teacher was always yelling at her for reasons she didn’t understand. She went on to tell me how she tries her best to do everything her teacher asks of her to do, put even then her teacher still picks on her. After listening to her story I decided to tell her about the miscommunication I had with one of my teachers when I was in ninth grade. I told her how I also didn’t understand where my teacher was coming from and how I would blame this teacher for my mistakes. Right after I said that though I added that it wasn’t really the teachers fault and the it was my fault due to the fact that I didn’t efficiently communicate with my teacher and that I never went up to inform my teacher whenever a problem arose. I also added that I never gave my teacher the opportunity to understand where I was coming from and so it was difficult for us both. After hearing this my link student knew that she had to go and talk to her teacher in order for them to have an effective communication and then there would be no misunderstanding. A week later, my link student came up to me to thank me, and she said that her teacher and she were getting along better now, now that there was better communication. Unit 2: Personal Profile 1. Learning styles: My learning style would be intrapersonal and linguistic learning styles. I am able to feel energized and charged when I am alone, I also think better and I am able to understand new concepts better when I am alone and in a quiet place. I also like to write down a lot of my thoughts and new ideas that come to me, and I feel that it is easier for me to express myself by using language and writing then by talking. Interpersonal skills: Even though I am intrapersonal, I have a pretty good ability of listening and understanding others. In most cases, I am able to know where most people are coming from, clearly listen to other people’s problems, and understand their situation in order for me to come up with a solution for them. I can also notice most people emotions by their tone and or posture. Teamwork skills: Some teamwork skills I have are my ability to help others solve any problems they may have, my ability to share my ideas with my team, and my ability to effectively participate with my team. Management skills: I have good team management skills; I am able to effectively and efficiently work in a team and successfully accomplishment whatever it is that needs to be done in a team. I am also able to follow instructions and give out instructions when it needs be. 2. Given my personal profile, one area of improvement would have to be my personal management skills more importantly my time management and stress management skills. I have difficulties having the ability to recognize and solve time management problems. I am a huge procrastinator and it usually works for me, but I can fell the stress it has on me especially during my grade twelve year. In addition, I have difficulties managing my stress because when everything piles up I start to panic and make stuff more difficult than it has to be. 3. My personal strengths will help me achieve my futures goals by allowing me to excel in group collaborations and perhaps excel in things like research since I do like to research and this allows me to work on my own and to work with others. It will also help me get jobs and all the skills listed above would be excellent to put on my resume. Unit 3: Management 1. An example of miscommunication or a challenge communicating in link crew was during the first day that we were playing the ‘Win as Much as You Can’ game. I remember we were confused as to how to play the game and like every other group we wanted the most points. Olivia caught on to the meaning of the game though early on and she started to tell us that it wasn’t really about getting the most points as individuals but as a whole team. I remember we didn’t really listen to her though and most of us were just interested in manipulating our way to winning. After a while though we decided to take Olivia’s advice and pick the Y hoping everyone else also picked the Y, unfortunately no one else pick the Y and we ended up losing more points and since we were already behind we dropped Olivia’s idea once again and we started thinking about ourselves once more. In the end, our miscommunication was so bad that Olivia ended up tearing the X so everyone was able to see that we were supposed to be picking the Y from the beginning. This is basically the only example of miscommunication I have had in Link Crew. Some strategies that could have been utilized to communicate more effectively would probably be for the people in our group to have received and correctly understood Olivia’s message, and for Olivia to have been clear and concise about the message she was sending us. Our group in the beginning had the mindset of winning the most points and so we were not able to clearly hear Olivia’s message and Olivia wanted to play the game the right way and for everyone to win so she wasn’t able to send out her message clearly and because of that the game became very jumbled and confusing. In addition, we should have been more open to Olivia’s point of view because she was right and we weren’t able to see until the end. 2. A conflict that occurred within my link group would have to be during our second AFU. During my second AFU my partner and I were partnered up with another partner as we do for every AFU, the problem with this AFU collaboration and what made it different than the others was that my partner was having some sort of conflict with one of the people in the other group that we were collaborating with. I wouldn’t say conflict actually more like they did have a conflict and were now at odds with one another and so once we were told that we were partnered up with the other group, my partner told me right away that I would have to stay with her during the whole AFU. What ended up happening was that my partner and I in some ways separated from the other group. Due to that, I had to make a choice of either helping the other group out and effectively contributing to the AFU as a whole, or being beside my link partner so that there were no awkward interactions between her and the person in the other group. Even though there were no awkward interaction, between them two, the whole AFU was just awkward and it did not go at all as we planned it to. A better way to have approached this situation was to have had both my partner and the other person from our collaborating group talk out their problems before the AFU so that their dispute or awkwardness or whatever it may have been would not affect the AFU as a whole . Also another way that I personally could have approached this differently would have been to use the â€Å"I feel† stamen that was thought in class during effective communication. By using this I would have been able to effectively and concisely state my feelings and with that things might have gone better. Action Plan for post- secondary destination: I will first need to improve on my time management and organizational skills. I will improve on this by: 1. Making a personal calendar that will allow me to record everything I have do, this will allow me to plan each day and by doing this I will be able to have more control over my time and be less stressed. 2. I will need to prioritize my time to ensure that I send my time and energy on the things that are truly important to me. This will also allow me to have stress relievrs during post-secondary and I will need many of those. 3. I will need to say no to nonessential tasks; I have tendency to take on more than I can handle and then crash because of all the workload. I will need to consider my goals and schedule before agreeing to take on additional work 4. I will also probably take a time management course during the summer to enhance my time management skills. There are also many time management courses offered in post-secondary schools so I might take them as well. 5. I will also need to limit distractions; this is one of the main reasons for my procrastinations and I am a person who gets distracted easily. Some other strategies and goals that don’t involve time management and or organizational skills but will help me in my transition to post secondary would be: 1. Good sleep, exercise, and eating habits, this will help me be healthier and feel good about myself. This will also improve my focus and concentration which will be a huge advantage during my post secondary years. 2. Stop making things more complicated than they should be; I have a complicated way of making things complicated. If I could stop this my life, not just my transition to post secondary environment will be a success!